Evidence · 221 Ecosystems · 57 Countries

The same patterns.
Different justifications. Identical structure.

ClusterOS has diagnosed 221 innovation ecosystems across 57 countries — from cyber security in Belfast to fintech in Bangalore, space technology in Toulouse, and advanced manufacturing in Detroit. The finding that surprised us most is not what each ecosystem is doing wrong. It is how consistently they do the same things.

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221
Ecosystems
diagnosed
57
Countries
represented
14,800+
Evidence items
analysed
9
Canonical
stall types
Coverage

221 ecosystems diagnosed
across 57 countries

Diagnostics span North America (67 clusters), Europe (56), Asia Pacific (42), Middle East & Africa (31), Latin America (25). Sectors include fintech, life sciences, AI & deep tech, cyber security, space technology, advanced manufacturing, cleantech, and regional innovation ecosystems. Corporate-anchored ecosystems are the most common (110), followed by university-anchored (63) and government-anchored (38).

221 clusters diagnosed
Finding 1

Every ecosystem stalls.
The question is where.

The average ecosystem shows 7.1 stalls out of 9 possible. At any confidence level, Re-proving, Coordinating, Mediating, and Scaling Activity appear in virtually every cluster. When we raise the bar to medium or high confidence — where the evidence is stronger — Stabilising around incumbents dominates at 68%, followed by Coordinating (39%), Mediating (38%), and Extracting (37%). The distribution tells a story: the behaviours that are easiest to see from outside are not the ones stewards identify first.

Two frequency bars per stall: the full bar shows detection at any confidence level. The inner bar (darker) shows medium and high confidence only — where the evidence is strongest. The gap between them is what stewards typically miss.

"Stabilising around incumbents appears at medium or high confidence in 68% of all diagnosed ecosystems — making it the single most structurally verified stall in the dataset. Yet in self-assessments, stewards rarely name it. The behaviour that the evidence most strongly supports is the one the steward is least likely to see."

ClusterOS Diagnostic Database · 221 ecosystems · 14,800+ evidence items
Finding 2

Three patterns that
cut across everything

These are not sector findings or regional findings. They are structural properties of ecosystems under pressure — dynamics that appear regardless of what a cluster produces, who funds it, or where it sits.

1
68% of ecosystems
Incumbent stabilisation is the dominant structural pattern
Stabilising around incumbents appears at medium+ confidence in 151 of 221 ecosystems. It appears in corporate-anchored clusters and university-anchored clusters alike. It appears in mature ecosystems that have been coordinating for decades and in emerging ones that haven't yet found their anchor. The ecosystem optimises for the stability of its largest actors — not because anyone decided it should, but because the alternative is more expensive than the status quo.
2
7 continents
The same reinforcing stacks appear on every continent
Activity-Narrative Stabilisation — where programme scaling generates the narrative that justifies more scaling — appears in ecosystems across 7 continents. Not the same sectors. Not the same anchor types. Not the same maturity stages. The structural logic is identical: activity produces content, content produces legitimacy, legitimacy produces funding, funding produces more activity. The loop sustains itself because every actor in it is behaving rationally.
3
4.3 stacks per ecosystem
Single interventions fail because stalls don't travel alone
The average ecosystem has 4.3 reinforcing stack configurations. These are not 4 independent problems — they share stalls, creating a web of mutual reinforcement. Address one stack and the shared stalls regenerate it from adjacent configurations. This is why programme interventions that target a single stall — more coordination capacity, better reporting, new entry pathways — produce temporary results that the system absorbs within 12-18 months.
Finding 3

The stacks that appear
most often

Individual stalls are informative. Stacks — mutually reinforcing combinations — are where the diagnostic produces its most actionable findings. These are the configurations we encounter most frequently across 221 ecosystems.

Finding 4

Ecosystems on different continents
show identical structures

The most surprising output of comparative diagnostics is structural resemblance — ecosystems in different countries, different sectors, different political contexts, that show almost identical behavioural configurations. The resemblance is not in what they produce. It is in how the system stabilises. Detroit Mobility and Hanoi Manufacturing share 3 stack configurations. Basel Life Sciences and Bangalore FinTech show the same intermediation-incumbent pattern. Tel Aviv AI and Cheltenham Cyber share identical mediation structures despite having nothing else in common. The actors are different. The structure is the same.

"Once the stabilisation logic becomes visible, similar patterns can be seen across ecosystems that look nothing alike on the surface. A life sciences cluster in Basel and a fintech cluster in Lagos — different in every way that matters to the actors inside them — can show structurally identical diagnostic profiles. That recognition is where stewardship begins."

ClusterOS Diagnostic Database · 221 ecosystems across 57 countries
Finding 5

The anchor type predicts
which stalls dominate

The anchor institution — the large actor whose scale shapes the conditions — is the strongest predictor of which stalls will be present. Not geography. Not sector. Not maturity stage. The anchor.

110 corporate-anchored ecosystems
Stabilising (81%) + Extracting (47%) + Waiting (44%)
Corporate anchors produce the highest rate of incumbent stabilisation — and the highest extraction. Value flows through corporate procurement and talent channels without ecosystem-level record. The "Waiting" stall is nearly three times more prevalent than in university-anchored ecosystems: corporate ecosystems wait for the anchor to move first.
63 university-anchored ecosystems
Stabilising (59%) + Coordinating (40%) + Mediating (35%)
University anchors produce lower stabilisation but higher coordination. The ecosystem spends more time building consensus. Extraction is lower (33%) because university value flows are more visible — but the coordination-mediation combination means connections still route through intermediaries rather than forming directly.
38 government-anchored ecosystems
Mediating (55%) + Coordinating (42%) + Stabilising (42%)
Government-anchored ecosystems show the highest mediation rate in the dataset. Every connection routes through a public agency. Surprisingly, the "Waiting" stall is low (16%) — government ecosystems don't wait for permission, because the government is the permission structure. Instead, they mediate everything.
Finding 6

Maturity doesn't reduce
structural complexity

Growing ecosystems (111 clusters) average 4.3 stacks. Mature ecosystems (57 clusters) average 4.4 stacks. Emerging ecosystems (24 clusters) average 4.3 stacks. The number of reinforcing configurations does not decrease as ecosystems develop. The stacks change — but the structural complexity stays constant. Maturity doesn't solve the problem. It rearranges it.

Implication

What the data
means for your ecosystem

Pattern consistency across 221 diagnostics has a practical implication: your ecosystem is more predictable than it looks. The diagnostic does not need to start from scratch. It applies a framework refined across 221 ecosystems — with 14,800+ evidence items — to identify which patterns are operating in yours and where the specific leverage points are.

Swipe to explore →

Your ecosystem is in here somewhere.

The interactive self-diagnostic takes 10 minutes. It identifies your stalls, names your stacks, surfaces your blind spot, and generates leverage hypotheses — calibrated against 221 comparable ecosystems.

Diagnose your ecosystem → Browse the dataset →

221 ecosystems · 57 countries · 14,800+ evidence items · Free · No account required